Advanced Engineering Days (AED)

The effect of microbiota in mood disorders: Utilization of probiotics as a therapeutical approach

Hazal Altundağ , Furkan Ayaz — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

There are trillions of microorganisms in the human body. All microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract are intestinal microbiota. The main task of this community can be counted as; defense against diseases, digestion of food, etc. Moreover, they have effect on the human mood and behaviors. In addition to its basic functions, the brain-gut relationship, which has been the subject of many studies recently, draws attention. Based on this relationship, it is noteworthy that the microbiota disorder causes anxiety and depression, and the use of probiotics seems as a promising solution. In this proceeding review, we will be discussing this theme more in depth.

Molecular docking: A powerful tool for predicting protein-ligand interactions

Tanya Beril Korkmaz, Furkan Ayaz — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Molecular docking is a computational method used in molecular biology, structural biology and therapeutic discovery to predict how candidate molecules bind with target molecules. While predicting the binding patterns and conformations of the molecules, hardware, software, algorithm, molecule databases and models are widely used. Molecular docking processes consist of the generation and analysis of different possible conformations and orientations of the ligand within the binding site of the receptor/target. The goal is to predict the most favorable binding position or configuration, as well as the strength of the binding affinity between the ligand and receptor. The key elements of molecular docking consist of molecule preparations and using proper scoring parameters. With the help of previous knowledge and advancing technology, it is possible to expand diversity of potent therapeutics with low cost. In this proceeding review, we will focus on molecular docking as a powerful tool to predict protein-ligand interactions.

Roles and activities of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)

Hülya Servi , Furkan Ayaz — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The term "myeloid-derived suppressor cells" (MDSC) refers to a diverse community of primarily immature myeloid cells that are pathologically activated and have strong immunosuppressive properties. They are in charge of the immune response in a variety of pathological conditions and are intimately connected to subpar clinical results in the progression of cancer. Depending on the expression of cell surface markers, they are divided into three groups: polymorphonuclear (PMN-MDSC), monocyte (M-MDSC), and early MDSCs. PMN-MDSCs in this group share morphological and phenotype features with neutrophils, while M-MDSCs are characterized by their similarity to monocytes and high plasticity. MDSCs enter the circulation before they complete their maturation, as a result of stimulation of the bone marrow by different growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines, which are caused by inflammation, in anti-tumor immune responses. In this study, we will review the functions and activities of MDSCs.

Different types, pathogenesis and cytokine network of Psoriasis

Havva Türkben , Furkan Ayaz — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Psoriasis is an autoimmune and dermatological disease characterized by high differentiation of keratinocyte cells, which are found in 5% of the skin. In the pathogenesis of psoriasis, functional changes in the HLA-Cw susceptibility allele and dendritic cells, which play an important role in cytokine secretion, helper T cells and keratinocytes are involved. With the alteration of this susceptibility allele, psoriasis is categorized in 7 different phenotypes, according to the sites of involvement. The treatment of the disease is possible in different ways such as topical, systemic and phototherapy. In this review proceeding, we will focus on different types and pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Goiter disease in a nutshell

Begüm Çelik , Furkan Ayaz — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The disease caused by the enlargement and swelling of the thyroid gland is called goiter disease. Environmental and genetic risk factors affect the formation of the goiter disease. There are factors such as iodine deficiency, selenium deficiency, genetics, anemia, smoking and excessive secretion of TSH hormone in the pituitary gland, factors such as age and gender should also be considered in the formation of goiter. Goiter disease is basically examined in two ways; diffuse goiter and nodular goiter. Diffuse goiter, also called simple goiter, is swelling of the thyroid gland. Nodular goiter is the formation of oval masses in the thyroid gland. In both types of goiter, first of all, increases or decreases in free T3-T4 and TSH levels are taken into account by the biochemical methods. In diffuse goiter, drug therapy or, although very rarely, surgical methods are applied. In nodular goiter, benign and malignant determinations are made about the nodule structure by the radiological methods. Radioactive iodine treatment is applied in addition to the surgical methods in nodular goiter. This short review study has touched focuses on the pathogenesis of goiter disease, treatment approaches and different types of goiter and aims to explain them.

Semi-trailer foodbox design and defining insulation material

Mehmet Vurgun, Mesut Yılmaz , Tuğba Gedik — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Road transport is one of the most used transportation methods in the world. Semi-trailer vehicles play a very important role in road transport. These transports can take so long times and the drivers spend their most times in the road. The drivers need to daily requirement. One of the most important of these is to eat during the transport. To satisfy their daily needs to continue their comfort, they need to use a refrigerator. A refrigerator has ability keeping fresh of foods. The drivers use food boxes in semi-trailer but this food boxes without any insulation and refrigerator systems. In this article we found a solution to get fresh foods in these boxes.

Stem-mapping live and dead trees in a mixed fir-pine forest

Yunus Emre Işık , Ferhat Kara — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Dead trees are vital to the conservation and sustainability of biodiversity. The number of large-diameter live trees and dead trees in a stand are some of the most common stand characteristics used to determine the structural complexity of the stand. In this study, spatial patterns of trees in a mixed Kazdağı fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani)- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand was examined, and mapped. Moreover, distribution pattern of the standing deadwoods was also monitored. Distribution of all trees was dispersed, while the deadwoods were clustered within the stand.

Comparison of different algorithms with a single GNSS receiver

Ahmet Faruk Altıntaş, Salih Usta , Barış Karadeniz , Hüseyin Pehlivan — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In Nowadays, many terrestrial or satellite-based positioning techniques have developed systems and methods to obtain the needed location information at low cost, real-time and precisely Nevertheless, each technique has undergone significant refinement and evolution, effectively converting the drawbacks of prior methods into notable advantages. In this study, the position accuracy of Network-RTK (Network-Real Time Kinematic) and PPP (Precise Point Positioning) techniques, which are trending in positioning techniques with GNSS, are examined and their advantages and disadvantages are revealed. Root mean square errors (RMSE) were calculated to test the point location accuracy. The findings of the study indicate that the N-RTK technique exhibited superior performance over the PPP technique in all three components: North, East, and Up. However, it is worth noting that the PPP technique showed significant improvement in RMSE values after convergence, as the convergence of integer phase ambiguity took place. Additionally, by increasing the utilization of satellite observations and obtaining more accurate satellite orbit and clock correction information, the accuracy of PPP-based results approached that of the N-RTK technique. These results suggest that with enhanced data combinations and refined correction information, the PPP technique has the potential to achieve comparable position accuracy to that of the N-RTK technique. Nonetheless, it is important to acknowledge the initial superiority of the N-RTK technique in the specific aspects studied.

Appropriate vibration wedge selection and calculations

Mehmet Emre Şahin , Mehmet Ali Kurgun — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The industrial revolution, which began with the invention of the steam engine, keeps developing with the Internet of Things. The use of machinery continues to increase at every stage of this development. The majority of the machines used do work with the help of rotational movement. The interaction between the systems to which the machines are connected and the machine during the rotational force causes some problems. The biggest trigger of these problems is the uncontrollable vibrations. Due to these uncontrolled vibrations, many serious problems such as wear, cracking, and even breakage occur in the machines or the systems to which they are connected. Although it is very difficult to prevent these vibrations during the application, it is possible to keep the vibration under control. Vibration wedges are the most preferred equipment in this regard. In this article, the calculations of the vibration wedge required to control vibration and the points that should be considered in the selection of the wedge will be explained.

Creation of a point cloud of a historical structure using the terrestrial laser scanning method – The Example of Bezmialem Valide Sultan Fountain

Berkan Sarıtaş , Umut Aydar , Beyza Karademir — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In order to ensure that the structures are repaired again as a result of possible natural disasters and day-to-day wear and tear of historical structures, it is necessary to create 3-dimensional models. One of the methods used in the realization of this model is terrestrial laser scanning. As a result of scanning the historical structures in question in different sessions with the terrestrial laser scanning method, a point cloud is obtained and used in relay studies. The filtering process is performed first for the use of point clouds. The filtering process was carried out by removing the point data found in the environment during the scanning of the structure to be studied and which were considered noise in our study. In our study, CloudCompare software was used in order to turn the point clouds obtained as a result of different sessions and the filtering process completed into a single structure. In order to combine the point clouds, control points established before the scanning process started and natural points located on the structure were used.

Investigation of mining-access roads within the general concept of forest roads

Çiğdem Özer Genç , Arif Oğuz Altunel — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Forest resources serve the communities in various aspects, such as raw timber production, recreation, aesthetic, hydrological assurance, health of societies, wildlife management and sustainable management of biodiversity. One third of our country is covered with forest, and the majority of the mining endeavors also exist underneath these forests. Issues regarding the governance of forest resources are regulated under the constitutional act #6831, while the article 16 explains how mining endeavors are allowed within the forest lands. Unless accessible via forest or village roads, access to the mining side and accompanying installations can only be granted with additional linkage and new road layout projects. Since they will also be used as forest roads in the long run, forest service asks from the mining license holders to construct them according to the standards dictated in the notification 292. Although crucial for any type of operation, roads might jeopardize the ecosystem services and cause irreversible harm to the habitats, so utmost importance must be shown while placing them over pristine topographies. In the context of this study, one of the foremost detrimental environmental effects of mining endeavors, access roads were evaluated in terms of the compliance with the notification 292 standards, which stated that any additional non-forestry related road should be constructed according at least to Type-B style forest road.

Intelligent digital twin for energy industry in AIoT networks

Çetin Önder İncekara — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

After industrial revolution the demand for the capacity and reliability of optical networks has continued to grow. Industries have become sources of numerous heterogeneous data. In order to handle these data/challenges, many issues need to be resolved, among which the low-margin optical networks design, power optimization, routing and wavelength assignment (RWA), failure management are quite important. Today Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially Machine Learning (ML), Digital Twins (DT) are regarded as one of the most promising methods to overcome the errors/problems that occurred at site. Intelligent systems make it possible to predict the behavior of highly complex production systems. Internet of Things -IoT- represents a new production reality. In the study interviews with experts on “Intelligent digital twin for Energy Industry in AIoT networks” are performed and Fuzzy MCDM based approach is developed. In the study 6 main criteria, i.e., Process Monitoring and Resource Optimization, Advanced Analytics, New Opportunities, Intelligent Grid, Cost-savings and Data Management, Sustainability and 34 related sub-criteria are evaluated by experts. Active digital twin is a solution that is carrying out a certain task on behalf of an object or under user assignment. Such form of digital twin is called intelligent information agent since it is already equipped with a certain form of artificial intelligence. It uses sensor devices and gateway connectivity to derive actionable insights and use them to develop new and advanced services for enhanced productivity.

Prostate lesion segmentation from MR images using deep learning methods

İrem Erkuş, Bülent Bayram , Anime Melis Uzar , Tuna Çakar — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Prostate cancer is a prevalent form of cancer in men, emphasizing the need for accurate and efficient methods for prostate lesion segmentation from magnetic resonance (MR) images. Manual segmentation of prostate lesions is time-consuming and subjective, highlighting the significance of automated approaches using deep learning methods. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into applying deep learning techniques for prostate lesion segmentation from MR images. The study explores state-of-the-art deep learning models, including U-Net, PAN, DeepLabV3, DeepLabV3+ for segmentation. A large PICAI dataset of prostate MR images, comprising multi-parametric MRI scans and expert annotations, is utilized for evaluating the developed methods. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, accuracy, IOU, AP Score, PR curve, and AUC curve were employed to compare the proposed deep learning methods. In summary, this research contributes to the field of prostate lesion segmentation by investigating the effectiveness of deep learning methods applied to MR images. The DeepLabV3+ model achieves an IOU of 0.79 and an AP of 0.54 using Jaccard Loss.

Detection of Alzheimer's Disease using deep learning algorithm

Mais Alhamidi — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting a significant portion of the elderly. Timely and accurate detection of AD is crucial for effective management and intervention. Deep learning algorithms have shown promising results in medical image analysis, including diagnosing AD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. This study aims to compare the performance of various deep learning architectures, namely CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) for AD detection on MRI images. A large dataset comprising MRI scans from AD patients and healthy controls is utilized for model training and evaluation. The deep learning models are trained to automatically learn discriminative features from the MRI images. Performance evaluation metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) are used to assess and compare the models' performance. This study provides insights into the suitability to show the ability of preference of this algorithm. The findings can aid in selecting the most appropriate algorithm for AD diagnosis based on specific requirements, such as accuracy, computational efficiency, and resource availability. Further investigation and validation on more extensive and diverse datasets are necessary to establish the generalizability and clinical viability of these algorithms for AD detection in real-world settings.

Potential analyses of LiDAR-based automatic powerline detection algorithms

Mertcan Nazar, Umut Gunes Sefercik , Ilyas Aydın — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Powerlines are utilized for distributing electricity for household use, industry, healthcare purposes and etc. The detection of powerlines is an important topic in object detection studies. In addition, overgrown trees in dense forest regions may pose a risk for powerlines positioned in these regions and even may cause forest fires if unattended. So, it is also important in the scope of disaster monitoring research and studies. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems are utilized for the detection of powerlines in urban regions and forests with the ability to obtain high-resolution point cloud data. Also, with the operation principle based on active remote sensing aerial LiDAR systems with multi-return capability can be used to obtain information about forest understory and is more effective compared to optical systems in this context. In this study, aerial LiDAR point cloud data of an urban region was utilized for the automatic detection of powerlines. For the automatic detection of powerlines, Robust Railroad Infrastructure Detection Framework which was developed by Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE) Geoinformatics Laboratory was utilized and five algorithms including Above, AngleAbove, AngleGroundAbove, VoronoiAbove, and VoronoiGroundAbove are applied separately on LiDAR point cloud data. When results are analyzed visually AngleAbove gave the best results in powerline detection.

Cultural landscape elements of Pire (Şeyh) Merdan first degree archaeological site, Mardin

Lale Karataş, Aydın Alptekin , Murat Yakar — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Pire Merdan is a site located within the boundaries of Elmabahçe Neighborhood in the Artuklu district of Mardin province. Also known as Tizyan Roman Settlement, this area was registered as I. Degree Archaeological Site under Law No. 2863 in 2018, due to its status as a valuable immovable cultural heritage site requiring protection. The site contains numerous elements of historical architecture and archaeological significance. There is a lack of information and documentation regarding this area, which holds such significant historical, archaeological, and religious values. Therefore, the purpose of the presented paper is to contribute to the literature by documenting the archaeological, architectural, and religious elements of the sacred settlement area of Pire Merdan. The area was examined and photographed on-site for this study. The architectural features of the site were described and documented through the use of photographs. Further detailed investigations to be conducted in the future, estimating back to prehistoric periods, will provide clear conclusions both for archaeological literature and the history of the region.

Stone material damage detection in restoration using terrestrial laser scanning (LiDAR): The case study of Karacabey Government Mansion in Bursa, Türkiye

Lale Karataş , Aydın Alptekin , Murat Yakar — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Combining observational examination and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) techniques is a highly effective method for documenting the architectural features of cultural heritage structures. These techniques have been increasingly used in recent years to create detailed and accurate plans, elevations, dimensions, and details of the structure. The purpose of this presented paper is to utilize the data obtained from observational examination and terrestrial laser scanning to produce survey drawings and reports of the historic government mansion located in the Karacabey district of Bursa, Türkiye. The study aims to reveal information about the current state of the structure and its historical evolution over time. Through the study, the final condition of the structure, as it has evolved from the past to the present, has been determined, and floor plans and reports have been prepared. Consequently, the floor plan architectural drawings of the structure have been projected as analytical surveys, providing information about its current state for future restoration efforts.

UAV-based construction progress monitoring: enhancing efficiency and safety

Nizar Polat — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have gained significant attention for monitoring construction progress, offering real-time and accurate information for site management. This paper explores the advantages of utilizing UAVs in construction progress monitoring and highlights their contributions to decision-making, project coordination, data accuracy, and site safety. UAVs provide a comprehensive aerial view of the construction site, facilitating a better understanding of progress and spatial relationships. Regular monitoring at predetermined intervals enables time-lapse records, aiding in identifying changes and delays. Furthermore, UAVs enhance data accuracy through advanced processing techniques, enabling precise measurements and objective assessment of progress. They also improve safety by accessing hazardous areas and assisting in safety inspections. The study focuses on monitoring a new dormitory building at Harran University Osmanbey Campus using UAV flights at different times, providing insightful analyses for construction management. These findings contribute to the construction management field, benefiting project stakeholders and expanding our understanding of effective monitoring techniques. With advancing technology and evolving regulations, UAVs are expected to play an increasingly prevalent role in construction progress monitoring, enhancing project management practices.

Quality enhancement in digital twin production of complex architectures with integrated use of terrestrial and aerial images

Umut Gunes Sefercik, Ilyas Aydın , Mertcan Nazar — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The concept of digital twin is included in many working disciplines today and its popularity is constantly increasing. There are photogrammetry-based mathematical models belonging to the geomatics discipline in the production of digital twin and three-dimensional (3D) model production can be easily realized with current advanced remote sensing technologies like unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). However, when architectural components such as porches and eaves are taken into account, the inadequacy of altitude-based perspective creates serious problems in digital model production. In the solution of these problems, the need for terrestrial imaging arises and quality enhancement can be provided by data fusion. In this study, it is aimed to produce a high-quality digital twin of the Gebze Technical University Geomatics Engineering Department building. This building stands out with its different architectural structures due to its densely patterned exterior and reflective surfaces. Terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry were used in an integrated way with the aim of producing the highest quality of all facades of this building, which has a very difficult structure for the production of digital twins. Visual and statistical analyzes of the final outputs were carried out and the problems encountered in integrated methods due to complex architectural structures and alternative solution methods were discussed.

Reducing noise pollution using panels: The case of Konya City

Sedanur Ertekin , Şükrü Dursun — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Complaints about noise caused by the increasing vehicle load in big cities are increasing. City center transmission density, wide roads, road location and road surface coverage, traffic signaling systems in the city are the factors that monitor environmental pollution. Non-compliance with the rules in traffic, especially the stop-stops of small public transportation vehicles, wrong parking, heavy use of motorcycles and other transportation vehicles cause noise in the traffic density. Insufficient increase of road surface in the city. To minimize the negative effects of evaluations on people, the use of environmental panels on urban and extra-urban highways is one of the solutions. In this study, the use of environmental panels to prevent traffic congestion in Konya province and the usability of end-of-life tires (ÖTL) as the basic material of the panels were investigated. In this way, it has been investigated that the tire hose that has completed its life is not thrown away and the possibility is evaluated. Arrangements made within the scope of zero waste of the study will be supported. His designated area for evaluation of behavior is measuring data before and after panel installations. In the study, the boundaries of which points can be placed have been studied. With the obtained data, the environmental simulation application of Konya was modelled with SURFER software and reflected on the map. In this way, a clearer differentiation of the normal distribution of the environment in the city and the predicted diffraction after the panel was achieved.

Investigating the Yahyalı (Kayseri, Türkiye) Pb-Zn deposit by using IP/Resistivity methods

Cihan Yalçın, Hurşit Canlı — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

There are significant Pb-Zn mineralizations along the Taurus Orogenic Belt. Various mining operations have operated in these regions from ancient times to the present day. Aladağ-Zamantı province is also one of these major areas. Substantial mining activities are ongoing in several locations in this province. Yahyalı Region is also an area located within this belt. Pb-Zn ore mineralization is observed in Devonian aged carbonates southeast of Yahyalı (Kayseri-Türkiye). Geophysical studies were carried out to determine the ore geometry and potential in this zone. In this region where IP/Resistivity methods were practiced, we have taken several measurements along specific profiles and have evaluated them in combination. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the areas with high chargeability characteristics are rich in sulfide minerals. As a complementary conclusion of the evaluation of both methods, it was realized that the data were in compliance. Therefore, using these geophysical methods in sulfide-rich areas has been deemed to be advantageous in terms of mining activities.

Investigating the Kavşut (Göksun-Kahramanmaraş) Cu-Pb-Zn deposit by using IP/Resistivity methods

Cihan Yalçın, Hurşit Canlı, Kıvanç Haznedaroğlu , Filiz Akbulut — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

According to its tectonic structure, Türkiye has major orogenic belts. Important ore deposits are observed along the characteristic Tethys metallogenic belt. Cu-Zn-Pb (polymetallic) mineralizations are hosted in many areas along this tectonic belt. The polymetallic enrichment southeast of Kavşut (Göksun, Kahramanmaraş-Turkey) is also located in the Tethys metallogenic belt. The region is basement to the Goksun ophiolites. This complex is overlain by the Malatya Metamorphites with a tectonic contact. Within these units, mineralization is observed in the fracture-cracks and karstic gaps of carbonate rocks. IP/Resistivity studies were carried out to reveal the geometry and distribution of this mineralization underground. It was determined that sulphide mineralizations show high rechargeability character. Cross sections and two-dimensional level maps were prepared according to the electrical data obtained for planning and coordination. This visual information provides very important information for the mining operation in the region.

Stone alterations in Hatuniye Madrasah

Murat Dal , Şefika Ergin , Ayşe Biçen Çelik, İlhami Ay — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The durability of the stone in traditional buildings is effective in the survival of the buildings to the present day. External environmental effects cause alterations on these stones. Determining these alterations and their causes and presenting solution suggestions will ensure that the structures will survive longer. In this study, it is aimed to examine the alterations occurring in Hatuniye Madrasah. In this framework, the alterations in the courtyard and exterior walls of the building were examined and classified as physical, chemical, biological and anthropogenic. The distribution of the alterations in the courtyard and exterior façades of the building was analyzed and it was aimed to form a basis for the determination of the existing problems and the causes of the alterations for the repair projects to be carried out.

Stone alterations in Kasımiye Madrasah

İlhami Ay , Murat Dal , Şefika Ergin , Ayşe Biçen Çelik — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The durability of the stone in traditional stone structures plays an important role in the survival of the structures to the present day. Alteration occurs on the stone surface of the structures exposed to climatic and environmental effects. The correct determination of these alterations and the reasons for their occurrence and the preparation of appropriate solutions will ensure that the structures will survive longer. In this context, this study aims to examine the alterations occurring in Kasımiye Madrasah. In this framework, the alterations occurring on the exterior and courtyard facades of the building were examined and grouped as physical, chemical, biological and anthropogenic. The distribution and ratios of the alterations on the facades were analysed and it was aimed to form the basis for determining the causes of alterations for the repair project

Stone alterations in Şehidiye Madrasah

Şefika Ergin , Ayşe Biçen Çelik , İlhami Ay, Murat Dal — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The durability of stone, which is the main construction material of traditional stone buildings, plays an important role in the transfer of the buildings to future generations. Alterations occur in these stones as a result of external environment and climate effects. The causes, processes and solution proposals of these alterations are important for the survival of the buildings. For this purpose, the alterations in Şehidiye Madrasah were analyzed. Alterations occurring on the facades of the building were identified and classified. The classification was made as physical, chemical, biological and anthropogenic. It is aimed that the study will form the basis for the presentation of solution proposals according to the alterations occurring in the structure in the repair projects planned to be carried out in the coming years.

Stone alterations in Zinciriye Madrasah

Ayşe Biçen Çelik , İlhami Ay , Murat Dal , Şefika Ergin — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The durability of the stone used in traditional buildings is important in the survival of the buildings to the present day. Changes occur over time on the surface of the stone, which is faced with environmental and climatic effects. The causes, processes and solution proposals of these changes are important for the building to survive for a longer period of time. In this context, it is aimed to examine the alterations occurring in Zinciriye Madrasah. In this framework, the alterations on the facades of the building were determined and classified as physical, chemical, biological and anthropogenic alterations. The distributions and ratios of the alterations on the facades were analysed in order to provide a basis for repair projects.

The effect of metal turbulence on hydrogen induced crack defects in steel castings

Mustafa Murat Zor, Ferhat Tülüce, Serdar Kesim, Alper Yoloğlu — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In the study, various moulding and gating system designs have been designed for steel castings in the ÇİMSATAŞ foundry and the effects of the metal turbulence on hydrogen-induced crack defects have been investigated. The flow and solidification of the casting part were simulated by using Novacast flow and solidification program. The study clearly shows that metal turbulence has revealed that it plays a significant role in preventing hydrogen-induced crack defects in steel castings.

Comparison of an 18-story reinforced concrete structure using the response spectrum analysis according to the TSC 2007 and TSC 2019

Furkan İnal, Hüsnü Can — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study utilized TSC 2007 and TSC 2019 seismic codes to investigate the earthquake forces of an 18-story reinforced concrete building with a 35x25m² floor plan using the response spectrum method. Because of the effective cross-sectional stiffness, spectral accelerations are greater in TSC 2007 than in TSC 2019. Even though the structural behavior coefficient was taken to be smaller in TSC 2019 due to the shear wall placement, the shear forces of the previous code are greater. In the new seismic code, the reduction of the stiffness of the load-bearing elements has led to an increase in the period values, which has led to a more ductile behavior of the building.

The role and essence of ill-posed problems for solving various applied problems

Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper, the history of the appearance of ill-posed problems and the role and essence of these problems in solving various problems of equations of mathematical physics are described in detail. At the present time, the theory and application of ill-posed problems in various fields of science is rapidly developing. When solving ill-posed problems, we will construct a Carleman function and, on its basis, we will find in an explicit form an approximate solution of the problem.

On the Cauchy problem for the Helmholtz equation

Davron Aslonqulovich Juraev, Ali Shokri , Praveen Agarwal — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The work is devoted to the study of continuation and evaluation of the stability of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation in a domain from its known values on the smooth part of the boundary of the domain. The problem under consideration belongs to the problems of mathematical physics, in which there is no continuous dependence of solutions on the initial data. When solving applied problems, it is necessary to find not only an approximate solution, but also a derivative of the approximate solution.

Preliminary data on physical and biochemical profile of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) harvested in Albania

Ilir Lloha, Oneida Kyçyk , Juna Cara — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Eriobotrya japonica is an evergreen plant that shows high medicinal value. Till now there aren’t any publication in the frame of the biochemical profile of loquat that grow in Albania. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the total mineral content (TMC), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), tannin content, orthodiphenols content as well as total vitamin A and C of loquat fruits that grow in Albania regions. Three types of varieties of the loquat were analysed, Sayda variety, Golden Nugget variety and Nafk Cukur Gobek variety. Based on the physical parameters, it was observed that Nafik Cukur Gobek presented the highest average values in the frame of pulp weight, moisture, dry matter and other parameters. Also, the variety Nafik Cukur Gobek contained the highest values of vitamin C, vitamin A, total flavonoids and polyphenols content as well as total tannins content. The Sayda variety shows the highest acidity value. Total orthodiphenols content was determined in the Golden Nugget variety. Regardless of the data presented in this manuscript, further studies are warranted in the near future to have a full understanding of the bioactive compounds profile in loquat fruits that grow in Albania.

Investigation of wear of wheels and rails when the center of mass of cargo in gondola cars shifts

Anzhelika Shvets, Leontii Muradian , Angela Shvets — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

At higher train speeds, the dynamic characteristics of the wagon are negatively affected by the uneven distribution of the mass of the body with the cargo over the springs, caused by asymmetric loading. It is well known that the safety of train traffic and the safety of transported goods depend on the method of placement and securing of goods. Determining the displacement of the center of mass of the cargo relative to the axes of symmetry of the railway car allows you to timely identify dangerous deviations in its stability and thereby significantly increase safety during the movement of the train. For stability and transportation safety, the center of mass must be at the intersection of the central longitudinal and transverse axes. A slight shift in the center of mass is possible if you need to transport non-standard cargo. Sometimes, when transporting several goods, there is a need for their asymmetrical arrangement in the wagon. Displacement of cargo relative to the center of mass of the wagon is possible during transportation. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the effect of loading asymmetry on the dynamic characteristics of the wagon and to establish the allowable values of cargo displacement.

Preliminary data on Albanian consumers behavior toward food consumption during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Enkeleda Berberi , Spase Shumka — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Albania faced the same challenges as other countries worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study evaluates how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the food security and variety of foods available to Albanian consumers in urban areas. The research was based on a cross-sectional survey conducted between March until September 2021. Regardless of the total lockdown that characterized this period the Albanian consumers used the time of free circulation to go to markets for grocery and were oriented towards buying local products. “Ordering grocery online” 60% of the participants answered “never”. This, in our opinion, is caused by a number of variables, including the brief lock down (the first period lasted from the end of March until June 2020) and consumer perceptions that eating healthily will make it easier to pass through Covid. Our findings do not allow us to predict what will happen in the long run, but risk exposure and food uncertainty have changed how consumers spend and eat. Regardless of the data presented in this manuscript, further studies are warranted in the near future to have a full understanding of the Albania consumers behavior toward food consumption especially under stressed period such as the period of COVID-19 pandemic.

The air pollution from vehicles and health risks in the city of Tirana

Asllan Hajderi , Ledia Bozo — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper, the problem of environmental pollution in urban intersections, from vehicle. The challenge today for human health remains the improvement of air quality. For this reason, the city of Tirana was studied, where the main elements of air pollution from vehicles, which are particles PM10/ PM2.5, nitrogen dioxides NO/NO₂, Benzene C₆H₆, Ozone O₃, carbon monoxide CO, were initially treated. , carbon dioxide CO₂ and sulfur dioxide SO₂, Then the effects that each pollutant causes on human health are addressed, In the following, the assessment of the health risks from the main pollutants is analyzed, where premature deaths, lost years of life and morbidity are used as indicators by the WHO, which are given for the three main pollutants, PM particles, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. For these, the WHO has determined the methodology of the impact of each pollutant, for 100,000 inhabitants. EU reports show that for 2020 in Albania premature deaths were 3600 from PM particles, 330 from nitrogen dioxides and 310 from ozone. While the lost years of life per 100,000 inhabitants were 1296 for PM, 116 for NO₂ and 115 for O₃. At the end, the ways to reduce air pollution are discussed.

Analysis of cyber-attacks through simulation

Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Nowadays, the development of information technology has brought radical changes in every aspect of people's lives and this has made our lives have a lot of access to information. Users should be very careful when using social networks, various applications and navigating the Internet world because the risk of cyber-attacks by irresponsible persons with malicious intentions is very frequent. This paper aims to provide the necessary information for cyber-attacks, where we will use for simulation tools from the MetaSploit library which is a framework that makes hacking simpler and is also an essential tool for many attackers and defender.

Research on the process of obtaining pure black cumin oil

Farmonov Jasur Boykharayevich — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The results of studies of the effect of microwave treatment of black cumin seeds on the yield of oil, cake is presented. The significant influence of the power and duration of the radiation process on the oil production indicators is shown. Optimal technological parameters have been established, at which the degree of oil extraction is 29.60%, the cake is 70.40%. The main parameters affecting the degree of oil release are the oil content of seeds, the power of microwave radiation and the duration of the process.

Data security in public and private administration: Challenges, trends, and effective protection in the era of digitalization

Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Data security is a critical concern in today's digital era, especially for public and private administrations that handle sensitive information. The growing reliance on technology and the increasing sophistication of cyber threats necessitate the adoption of robust security measures, particularly in the realm of cryptography. This research paper aims to investigate the role of cryptographic techniques in enhancing data security within the context of public and private administration. The research paper investigates the practical implementation of cryptographic techniques in administrative environments. It discusses the integration of encryption mechanisms into data storage, transmission, and access control systems. The balance between data security and privacy considerations is explored, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach.

Virtual Wheatstone bridge based on LabVIEW software for remote laboratory works

Gentian Dume, Jurgen Metalla — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Nowadays, Virtual Instruments are becoming an important part of solving engineering problems in particular in the area of Automatic Control of Industrial Processes and Education. Due to the continuously increasing performance and flexibility of PC combined with their cost reduction, virtual instruments are successfully concurring the traditional instruments. During the pandemic, covid-19 as a result of adapting the emergent solution in education students and teachers should work from home. Except for lessons and seminars, doing laboratory work faced difficulties to be performed because students should be in the laboratory, which was not possible. In this work we have built a virtual instrument for electrical resistance measurement which imitates in detail the Wheatstone Bridge in our Electrical Measurement Laboratory and tested remotely to measure resistance by interacting with a virtual instrument like with the real instrument.

Accounting and future challenges: Unveiling the path to financial innovation

Festim Kodra — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Accounting is an essential function in organizations, providing critical information for decision-making, financial reporting, and compliance. However, in an ever-evolving business landscape driven by technology and globalization, accounting faces numerous challenges that demand innovative solutions. This paper aims to explore the future challenges in accounting and shed light on the transformative potential of financial innovation. By examining emerging trends such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and data analytics, we will delve into the intriguing opportunities and complexities that lie ahead for the accounting profession. Furthermore, we will discuss the implications of these challenges and how accounting professionals can adapt and embrace change to thrive in the dynamic financial environment of the future.

Using RPA processes in hospital systems using artificial intelligence

Gerild Qordja — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The increase in the amount of data to be processed today through hospital systems has led to the use of computer applications to accurately manage processes and decision-making. Robotic process automation (RPA), also known as software robotics, uses automation technologies to mimic back-office tasks of human workers, such as data mining, filling out forms, moving files, etc. Artificial intelligence (AI), the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience. This paper will study the aforementioned technologies to realize the process of automatic data generation for hospital systems using E-Albania. E-Albania is the government portal where the public services found in the offices and physical counters of the institutions are offered electronically thanks to the Government Interaction Platform that connects the systems of the institutions with each other. The portal is conceived as a one-stop electronic office where the citizen registers using his identity card and is served by searching and applying for the service he needs. In addition, the use of artificial intelligence in making decisions that will be taken from the data generated by the processes of automation, data generation.

Assessing Albanian consumer's perception of safety towards animal food products: Preliminary data from a cross-sectional survey

Ilir Lloha, Enkeleda Berberi — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Food safety is a major concern for Albanian consumers. Just like consumers in the EU countries, Albanian consumers share the same concerns about food safety. Therefore, the first aim of this research is to assess the perceived safety of Albanian consumers of three different product categories with animal origin (milk/milk products, eggs and meat/meat products). The second aim is to explore the relationship between the safety perception from the consumers and different technological treatments applied in these products. In the manuscript are depicted the first preliminary data collected from November 2022 to April 2023 from a cross-sectional survey. From a panel of potential hazards in food, antibiotics and hormones were perceived by the Albanian consumers as the main hazard in three types of foods taken under consideration. In the frame of technological treatments of food and its impact in the safety of food, the data shows that raw milk, fresh eggs, and meat directly from the butcher were perceived as “Safe” or “Totally safe” from Albania consumers. Despite the fact that this is an ongoing study we believe that other qualitative research in this direction is mandatory in the near future in order to have a more complete view of Albanian consumers on this topic.

Internet of things in the development of future businesses in Albania

Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a technology that connects various devices and objects, leading to a digital revolution in different aspects of life. It has the potential to create highly efficient and rewarding smart environments for individuals. The IoT not only impacts our daily lives but also significantly influences how we work and conduct business. This article focuses on IoT technology and how it affects businesses, emphasizing how crucial it is for such organizations to be ready for and able to adapt to the changes it brings. Let's see if SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) in Albania can benefit from the further advancement of IoT (Internet of Things), what are the expectations, possibilities, and potential risks that may arise on this journey

Radar protection system against anti-radar missiles with integrated detection channel

Petr A. Khmarskiy, Bobomurod M. Muxammedov , Davron Aslonqulovich Juraev — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Developed and justified the appearance of the system of protection of radar observation station from anti-radar missiles. In order to detect homing high-precision weapons, it was proposed to include in the radar a channel for detecting signs of the trajectory of an anti-radar missile, taking into account its distinctive features.

The implementation of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model on IEEE Xplore dataset to find the impact of artificial intelligence in education sector

Olgerta Idrizi , Alfons Harizaj , Miranda Harizaj — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The field of education holds immense significance, calling for a reevaluation of learning methods and approaches. Particularly in recent years, there has been a growing inclination within higher education to incorporate emerging technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) in order to enrich the learning process. This study aims to analyze the Latent Dirichlet Allocation LDA, as a probabilistic Bayesian model designed for analyzing collections of discrete data, such as text corpora. LDA employs a three-level hierarchical Bayesian model, where each item in the collection is represented as a finite mixture derived from a set of underlying topics. These topics, in turn, are modeled as an infinite mixture based on a set of topic probabilities. In the realm of text modeling, the topic probabilities offer a transparent representation of a document's content. The descriptive analyze work on data collection from IEEE Xplore from 2011 to 2022 years.

The stone bridges in Vjosa basin (Albania): Hidden values following roman tradition to the middle of 19th centuries

Laura Shumka, Andi Papastefani , Kimete Tataveshi — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The bridge is basically a utilitarian structure created to maintain communications in the face of difficulties in both an open natural environment and the man-made physical structure. The urge for people "to cross over to the other side" for existential concerns is related to the bridge's first appearance. As each time the conditional natural characteristics (geomorphology, river flows, water reservoirs, etc.) are presented, on the path of his physical barriers that frequently occur, they redirect travel routes and govern the lives of people and their communities, from the level of the individual man to the highest state level. Nowadays, bridges are present in entire Vjosa basin and its tributaries enabling communication along Vjosa itself, Shushica, Drino, Langarica, Zagoria etc

Modeling and simulation of robotic hand pressure sensor in Simscape

Jurgen Metalla, Gentian Dume , Fatmir Basholli , Eduart Ndokaj — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The main advantage of humanoid robots over other devices is that they are more flexible and can be used for many purposes. In this project, a human-like robotic hand is designed and used for a task commonly performed by humans, namely grasping an object. During this study, the main focus will be the use of pressure sensors and the interaction between them to create an approach as close to reality as possible. For the various simulations and sensor testing, the Simscape and Solidworks applications were used, respectively, which enable the connection between the sensor and mechanical part of the robotic hand. An Arduino was used to build the algorithms, implement these instructions and control the sensors.

Hardware in the loop technique for real-time control of electrical machines using LabVIEW software for laboratory works in electrical engineering faculties

Gentian Dume, Jurgen Metalla — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid developments of science and technology of the last decade have given a fundamental change to the way of conceiving and solving problems in every field of science and in particular in engineering disciplines. Nowadays, Virtual Instruments are becoming an important part of solving engineering problems in particular in the area of Automatic Control of Industrial Processes and Education. Due to the continuously increasing performance and flexibility of PC combined with their cost reduction, virtual instruments are successfully concurring the traditional instruments. In this work, we have created a closed-loop control system for testing the PID controller for a DC motor using the HIL technique and Ziegler-Nichols tuning rule for education purposes

Methods and software for calculating total electronic content based on GNSS data

Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Methods for determining the total electron content in the ionosphere by global navigation system signals are investigated. Methods for correction phase ambiguity due to «cycle slip» and determining differential code delays are proposed and implemented. Software for finding the full electronic content and constructing maps of vertical full electronic content over the territory of the Republic of Belarus was developed.

Vjosa Basin-the first free flow river protected area in the Balkans (Albania) from fish diversity richness prospective

Nertila Muçollari — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Vjosa River, an ecologically important area and the last Europe free-flowing river, is an essential aquatic ecosystem for the Albanian ecological, social, and cultural aspects. The Vjosa river is home of at least 34 species of fishes inhabiting the river and delta system, of which 29 are native, including eight species endemic to the Balkans. With 12 species, Cyprinidae are by far the most specious family, followed by Mugilidae (five). Salmonidae and Acipenseridae are represented by 2 species each. The remaining ten families are represented by a single species. At least four species (Pseudorasbora parva, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Carassius sp., Gambusia holbrooki) were introduced into the Vjosa basin. The lower river reach is populated by other species as: European eel (Anguilla anguilla), species of Family Mugilidae (Mugil cephalus, Liza ramada, Liza salienes and Chelon labrosus), Seabream (Sparus aurata), Seabass (Dincentrarchus labrax), Flatfish (Platichthys flesus, Common sole (Solea spp.) etc, while the resident species associated with saline water incluce, are numerically prevalent with the two species Atherina boyeri and Aphanius fasciatus showing presence and significance.

Research on the process of obtaining pure sesame oil using microwave processing

Farmonov Jasur Boykharayevich — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The article provides information about the countries where grape seeds are most grown, about the healing substances contained in the seed oil kislots, vitamins, macro and microelements, as well as about their healing for various diseases. In addition, the article presents the results of research on the division of khoraki grapes into parts. Also listed are methods for producing oil from grape seeds. The results of studies of the effect of microwave treatment of sesame seeds on the yield of oil, cake is presented. The significant influence of the power and duration of the radiation process on the oil production indicators is shown. Optimal technological parameters have been established, at which the degree of oil extraction is 32.79%, cake 66.71%. The main parameters affecting the degree of oil release are the oil content of seeds, the power of microwave radiation and the duration of the process.

Research of the physical and mechanical properties of high temperature resistant copolymer coating

Rufat Ruziev, Fayzulla Nurkulov, Alikul Rakhmankulov, Abdulahat Djalilov — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In the practical experiments of this research work, various additives and fillers added to increase the heat resistance of the acrylic-styrene composition coating. In order to study the thermal stability of the obtained sample, as well as to draw the appropriate conclusion, the derivatographic and thermomechanical parameters of the coating sample were obtained and analyzed in special measuring instruments. According to the results of the analysis, it found that the resistance indicators of the acrylic - styrene coating sample obtained in practical experiments are positive.

General and comperative data on water ecology in Shkumbin River, Elbasan

Selma Myslihaka — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

It is essential importance the assessment and maintenance of the aquatic ecosystems for the well-being of the society since they are closely related to the human and environmental systems. In this study we have taken a part of Vidhas- Shkumbin river, Elbasan region in Albania, as a case study because it is an area massively affected by industrial pollution. From the general hydrobiological data, in this paper we give a full study on the comparative features of water ecology from physical-chemical, bacteriological data. Various analyzes have been performed based on some standard methodologies for the examination of water performed in the laboratory in terms of water quality determination of the chemical need for oxygen, dissolved oxygen, determination of nitrates, phosphates, ph, hardness and bacteriology. From the study of water in Vidhas-Shkumbin river, we came to the following conclusions: Water resources are of the phreatic type, the level of phreatic water varies depending on atmospheric precipitation, with general temperatures of 16 degrees Celsius, with a strength of 28 degrees German, mineralization occurs too high 160mg / l and from the bacteriological content the water appears mostly high because of presence of bacteria E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococci intestinal.

Statistical properties of image pixel brightness from the onboard optical system

Andrei S. Solonar , Sergei V. Tsuprik , Petr A. Khmarskiy — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research of statistical properties of image pixel brightness has been carried out, allowing us to improve the quality of the choice of the required mathematical model. The results of the analysis of ground-based background-target videos obtained by an unmanned aerial vehicle's onboard optical-location system are presented. The requirements to the mathematical model of brightness in the ground-based noise-target environment is formulated

Studies on the extraction of oil from watermelon seeds

Farmonov Jasur Boykharayevich — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In this work, the results obtained show that in order to obtain the maximum amount of oil from watermelon seeds, it is necessary to add 5% of the seed shell to the seed kernel, steam at 150 °C for 20 minutes and dry the mixture. At the same time, the fat yield is 13.59%, and the cake is 69.19%.

The role of education in cyber hygiene

Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In recent years, societies around the world have made great strides in the field of information and communication technology. Albania ranks among the countries where the development of technology, access to the Internet and the computerization of society progresses very quickly. Today, the e-albania government portal offers 1225 online services for citizens and businesses. In this framework, information security is paramount in modern cyber defense and an important factor related to the reduction of security breaches influenced by people by being included under a new concept, "cyber hygiene". This concept focuses on how we can protect ourselves from online risks and threats and how we can use technology in a safe and sensible way. Using a combination of available resources and a review of field studies, this article addresses and defines the importance of proper preparation and awareness of users to deal with risks and threats in their online operations. The results of this analysis will be based on the processing of surveys carried out in three public university faculties and two engineering departments in private universities, from which we conclude that education in cyber hygiene is the basis for promoting the safe and reasonable use of technology, improving in the continuation of the curricula of courses with object from the sciences of information technology.

Obtaining and testing results of PF-1 brand corrosion inhibitor obtained based on the processing of chlorinated organic waste used in the oil and gas industry

Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the physical and chemical properties of corrosion inhibitors obtained on the basis of the processing of organochlorine waste for the oil and gas industry. Corrosion inhibitors of metals were obtained as a result of the synthesis and their level of protection was checked. The results of IR spectra were studied.

Security in the components of information systems

Fatmir Basholli , Rezar Mezini, Armand Basholli — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The security aspects of information systems in the public and private sector are very important, because these are often part of critical national security infrastructures. Although the size of the public sector varies in different countries, it usually includes all government infrastructure and various levels of local government, which consist of many smaller organizations scattered throughout the country. Today, even in the private sector, is being invested in the use of technology and security aspects. The purpose of this paper is about the processes, policies, procedures, and other documents that public and private sector organizations possess and use in the field of security and information systems. Through this paper, I think we contribute to understanding how these institutions or private companies stand against national and international standards and best practices in the field of security of components in information systems.