Advanced GIS

Determination of densities of existing intersection by buffer analysis (Samsun- Atakum intersections)

Aziz Uğur Tona — 2023-09-12

This study was conducted to evaluate the traffic density of nine intersections located between the Highways intersection and the Toplu Konut Boulevard intersection on Atatürk Boulevard in Samsun's Atakum district, and to analyze the traffic flow in detail at these intersections. Analyzes were applied with ArcGIS 10.3 from GIS software. In the study, kernel density analysis was used to determine the densely populated areas, and buffer analysis was used to determine the density levels of intersections. Kernel density analysis was used to determine the density of settlements, then density maps were created depending on the buffer zones created by schools, institutions, hospitals and densely populated areas around the intersections. Buffer analysis was attempted at buffer sizes of 500 and 1000 meters and mapped in GIS software. As a result, it has been determined that the intersection with the least density is Vatan street intersection, and the ones with the highest density are YEDAŞ and Türk-iş intersection. Thus, a local problem was identified and solution suggestions were presented.

Assessing hydrological modeling approaches: a review of the soil conservation service curve number and the soil and water assessment tool

Farhad Osman Omer — 2023-09-12

This article reviews two hydrological modeling tools, the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) model and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method used for estimating surface runoff and evaluating the impacts of land use changes on watershed responses. The SCS-CN model has been widely used for estimating surface runoff from rainfall, and its integration with GIS and remote sensing has improved its accuracy and precision. The SWAT model has also been effective in assessing the impact of land cover and land use changes on hydrologic response. The AHP method has been used to suggest the best locations for rainfall water harvesting in arid regions. However, these models also have limitations that should be considered when applying them to different watersheds. Proper calibration and validation of the models' input parameters are crucial to ensure accurate results, and the models' performance can be affected by uncertainties in the input data and model parameterization. Despite these limitations, these tools remain useful for evaluating surface runoff and its impact on water resource management, flood control, erosion prevention, and sustainable land and water management practices. In conclusion, the SCS-CN model, SWAT model, and AHP method are important approaches to evaluate surface runoff and its impacts, but their limitations and suitability for different watersheds should be carefully considered.

A post earthquake damage assessment using GIS in district Mirpur, Pakistan

Warda Habib — 2023-09-12

A moderate earthquake of magnitude Mw 5.6 struck the Kashmir region of Pakistan on September 24th, 2019, causing severe damage to buildings and infrastructure. The study aims to assess the extent of damage in Mirpur district, Azad Kashmir. In this research, the map of the affected area and damages is developed using Geographic Information System (GIS). Results indicated that damage to roads and houses is severe in the proximity of Mangla Dam. It was found from the analysis that shallow earthquakes with high magnitude can have disastrous consequences. It also poses the risk of Dam Lake Outburst Flooding (DLOF) which can cause disaster in the downstream regions. So, there is the utmost need to work on the mapping and hotspot analysis of the places susceptible to earthquakes. The result and findings of such a study can assist disaster management authorities and donor agencies reduce the risk of potential damage and suffering by preparing earthquake risk reduction plans and investments in disaster preparedness and prevention.

Spatial ecological risk analysis in peach farming in Manisa

Emre Yeniay — 2023-09-12

With the help of information technologies, which are developing day by day, it has become easier to perform agricultural analyzes. Positional analyses can be performed with the help of Geographical Information Systems by gathering Climate, Soil, Topography and İrrigation data related to Agriculture. These analyses enables to generate analyses for agricultural investment maps, areas of agricultural conformity, plant pattern determination, etc. The purpose of this study is to prepare "Product Based Agricultural Risk Analysis Maps". Climate, Soil, Topography and Irrigation data, which are important in the growing of agricultural products are collected, severity and prospects for risk analysis are determined separately and risk values are established for each risk factor. The total risk value was calculated by prioritizing risk factors using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods. Thanks to AHP, a methodology for calculating scenario-based risk values has been developed taking into account different probabilities. With the developed model, risk maps were created for climate, soil, topography and water constraints. The total risk map was obtained by combining the risk maps created with AHP. In this study, a model was established by taking the Peach and Fig product of Manisa and as a result of the model, Total Risk values were divided into classes such as "High Risk Areas", "Medium Risk Areas", "Low Risk Areas" and "Strictly Not Recommended Areas" according to the scores they received positional.

Determining temporal and spatial changes in air quality in the city of Nevşehir

Nermin Sarı — 2023-09-12

Air pollution, which has notably surged from the Industrial Revolution onwards, has had adverse effects on all forms of life, primarily humans. Factors such as urbanization, intensified industrial activities, growing production and consumption, and the proliferation of vehicular traffic have significantly contributed to the escalating impact of air pollution. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of particulate matter 2.5, particulate matter 10, and carbon dioxide across diverse locations within Nevşehir city center. Sampling was conducted at ten distinct points, utilizing the CEM DT-9880 device for particulate matter and the EXTECH Easyview 80 CO₂ Analyzer device for carbon dioxide. Measurements were taken during both morning and evening hours to discern daily fluctuations, as well as in both summer and winter to identify seasonal variations. Data collected were input into QGIS software and interpolated to delineate the distribution of pollution throughout the city. The findings reveal that pollution levels are significantly elevated across the city, particularly in industrial zones, organized industrial districts, and densely populated residential regions, as well as in areas where coal is extensively utilized for heating. Conversely, parks and green spaces exhibit the lowest levels of particulate matter and carbon dioxide pollution. While complete eradication of pollutants may be unattainable, it is crucial to mitigate pollutant levels to ensure smooth urban living. To achieve this, installing filters on industrial chimneys, expanding natural gas infrastructure, and promoting the use of natural gas in non-infrastructure areas is essential. Should coal be employed for heating, selecting high-quality, low-soot Siberian coals with high energy content is advisable. Enhancing the city's green areas and parks, as well as expanding afforestation initiatives, holds merit. Efforts to curtail vehicular numbers, encourage public transportation, and prioritize carbon emission-free electric vehicles are crucial for fostering a cleaner urban environment.