Detection of materials and material deterioration in historical buildings by spectroscopic and petrographic methods: The example of Mardin Tamir Evi
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Abstract
The province of Mardin is an area where stone material is concentrated in terms of its geographical region, and it is a city that is under protection as a protected area with its historical buildings made of local Mardin stone extracted from the region. However, in the historical city of Mardin, as in the rest of the world, stone structures are subject to deterioration due to various effects and protection interventions are often needed in the region. The lack of information on the compatibility of materials used in the past years in Mardin, as in many other countries, has caused serious damage to historical textures and structures in many cases. Today, integrated studies of the analysis of available materials and the selection of restoration materials are often included in the restoration programs of monuments. The aim of this study is to document the characteristics of the local Mardin stone, the material problems it is exposed to, through stone material and mortar samples taken from a historical residence in Mardin, and thus to contribute to the selection of compatible restoration materials for the sustainable management of the structures in the geographical region. In this context, an examination was made on the materials and mortar samples used in the building, which constitutes a representative sample from the building. Analysis of proteins, fats and water-soluble salts with simple spot tests on samples defined by visual analysis and their conductivity, the amount of CaCO3 with the loss of 105 °C and 550 °C by calcination analysis, the content and problems of the samples were investigated by determining the general texture and mineral content by stereo microscope and petrography analysis, and the quality and proportions of the aggregates of the acid-treated sample with stereomicroscope analysis. The results of this study are important in terms of creating a guideline for the use of compatible materials in the restoration stages in structures made with local Mardin stone in Mardin. Based on the analysis results obtained in the study, it is hoped that correct applications will be made in the selection of materials in the restoration applications to be made in the geographical region.
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