Advanced Geomatics

Village Law No. 3367 and Village Settlement Related to its Plan Applications: Example of Osmaniye Dereli Village

Nuri Erdem — 2023-03-24

The basic regulation regarding the management of villages is the Village Law of 1924. In this Law, the village; It is defined as a settlement with a population of less than two thousand, consisting of people living in collective or scattered houses with common goods such as mosques, schools, pastures, pastures, coppices, together with their vineyards, gardens and fields. The village administration is a local administrative unit formed by the voters in order to meet the local common needs of the village people. As of 2021, the number of villages in our country is 18,211. Although there is a general framework of the law described above, it is not exactly the case. As it is known, the concept of ownership in rural settlements is subject to slightly more stringent rules than the concept of ownership in urban life. In order to deliver the necessary infrastructure facilities at an affordable cost, the village settlement must be gathered at a collective point and operated in accordance with a plan. However, such a planning within the village borders, within the framework of the Zoning Law No. 3194, will cause great costs both in the construction and implementation phase, and it will take many years to reach the intended regular settlement due to the failure of the sale of the parcels to be made by the villagers. Thanks to the articles introduced in addition to the law numbered 3367, in case of applying the provisions of the law numbered 3194 to the parcels located within the borders of the village (pasture, field, etc.) owned by the public (pasture, field, etc.). The aim of this study is to offer regular new settlements that will meet the needs of people. In this study, the study carried out in Osmaniye Province Dereli Village is exemplified. Institutionally, the Special Provincial Administration, the Environment and Urbanization directorate, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry will be informed about the results of correspondence and the settlement plan of the Village Settlement Area Detection Commission will be carried out.

Vis-NIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict and Identify the Key Wavelengths of Soil Gypsum Content in Fars Province, Southern Iran

Monireh Mina — 2023-03-24

The use of soil spectral reflectance, which has been introduced as a new method in soil science, is widely used in estimating the physicochemical properties of soil. The purpose behind this research was estimating the amount of gypsum in surface soils of Fars province. Based on random sampling method, 100 soil samples were collected and measured by standard method. Spectral analysis of soil samples was performed using a spectrophotometer between the range of 2500-400 nm. After this stage, various preprocessing methods were evaluated and finally the percentage of soil gypsum was modeled using two models of partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR). Our results illustrated that best results for estimating the percentage of soil gypsum are related to the SVR model with Preprocessing Savitzky- Golay Filter with the first derivative. Also, according to RPIQ statistics, the estimation of PLSR model for the percentage of soil gypsum in the weak class is 1.02% and for the SVR model in the moderate class is 1.54%. In the present study, key wavelengths were defined as wavelengths which ranged around 750, 1400, 1570, 1750-1800, 2100, 2200 and 2338 nm and showed the highest correlation with gypsum content in soil.

Analyzing Domestic Water Consumption in Wana, South Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province- Pakistan

Saddam Hussain — 2023-03-24

This article is an attempt to analyze the domestic water consumption in Wana, South Waziristan in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. In this regard, a detailed questionnaire based survey was conducted using simple random techniques. Global Position System was also used to acquire location of sampling units. Area having high-income groups and family size consume high amount of water. People having monthly income of less than 25000 PKR, consume 347 l/day and people having monthly income of 25,000-50,000 PKR consume 538 l/day. Similarly, people having monthly income of more than 50,000 PKR consume 749 l/day. The per capita consumption for small, medium and high-income group is 10, 22 and 48 l/day respectively. The total water consumption of small family, medium and large families’ sizes is 423,642 and 831 l/day and the per capita consumption for these families are 6.4, 11 and 20 l/day. This study highlights the consumption of water by the family size and the income groups in Wana, South Waziristan. People are consuming more water as a result, the groundwater is depleting rapidly.

The Least-Squares Spectral Analysis of Hourly Tide Gauge Data – A Case Study

Ramazan Alpay Abbak — 2023-03-24

Tide gauge observations are samples of geodetic time series realized depending on the time. These observations like other experimental time series might have trends, short gaps, datum shifts and unequally spaced data which usually make disturbing effects to the analysis. In other methods (e. g. classical Fourier Transform), trend is removed before the analysis, the others (i.e. short gap and unequally spaced data) are taken over by filling any interpolation techniques. In this case the editing may produce well-composed time series, but it may obliterate the useful information in the series or even introduce artificial signals. This means that unwanted results take place during the process. There is an alternative method, called the Least-Squares Spectral Analysis (LSSA) which can bypass these problems without editing or pre-processing. In the present study, hourly sea level observations obtained from the Antalya tide gauge in Turkey were analyzed by using the LSSA method. Consequently, five hidden periodicities were successfully determined from the sea level observations containing difficulties mentioned above.

The The Outlier Detection with Robust Methods: Least Absolute Value and Least Trimmed Square

Ulku Kirici Yildirim — 2023-03-24

In geodesy and surveying, measurements usually have errors. These errors are called outlier measurements. In order to determine these points, outlier measurement test is performed. There are many different methods used to determine outlier measurement. The least squares (LS) method is the most common method to estimate the unknowns from outlier measurements. However, LS method can be easily affected by outliers which may cause wrong results. Classical outlier tests and robust methods are the two main approaches to detect outliers or reduce their effect. There are a lot of robust methods in literature. In this study, least square method (LS), least absolute value (LAV) and the least trimmed squares (LTS) are discussed. To compare the outlier performances of the methods, real data points are used to create a surface with a 2nd degree polynomial.

Examination of the Performance of Precise Point Positioning Technique with Real-Time Products on Smartphones

Barış Karadeniz — 2023-03-24

This study evaluates the performance of a single-frequency GPS (Global Positioning System) positioning technique under real-time conditions using a smartphone. To assess the performance of the smartphone, GPS observations were recorded with the Geo++ RINEX Logger application on a Xiaomi Redmi Note 8 Pro and compared with measurements taken using a geodetic-grade CHC I80 GNSS receiver. Raw observation data were processed using Real Time-Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) technique with real-time satellite orbit and clock correction products produced by 4 different analysis centers (IGS, CNES, JAXA and Wuhan University). According to the results, it was seen that 4 different solutions made with only-GPS observations were consistent with each other both horizontal and vertical at millimeter level. In addition, an improvement of 89% to 98% was achieved in the root mean squared errors (RMSE) after convergence. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of using single-frequency GPS observations on smartphones for real-time precise point positioning, which could have important applications in various fields including surveying, navigation, and location-based services.