Advanced Geomatics

Creating Climate Change Scenarios Using Geodesing Method: Pütürge District Example

Büşra Demez — 2024-03-31

At the beginning of the problems brought by the climate change that threatens our world, there are some negative situations due to temperature increases. At the beginning of these negativities, increases in natural greenhouse gas levels cause some problems such as drought and deforestation. In this study, alternative scenarios that will adapt to climate change will be produced. The Geodesign approach, which contributes to the production of alternative scenarios and plans for the future with an innovative perspective, will be used. Geodesing 6 question model and process will be applied in three repetitions in Pütürge District, which was chosen as the study area.

Post-Flood Disaster Management Challenges and Issues in the Bulathsinghala Divisional Secretariat Division, Sri Lanka: A Comprehensive Analysis and Strategic Framework for Resilience and Recovery

Hansi Piyumi Nisansala Karadugoda Kankanamge — 2024-03-31

Floods are frequently documented as severe catastrophic meteorological phenomena across the globe. In the context of Sri Lanka, floods constitute a significant natural calamity, predominantly occurring during the South-West and North-East monsoon seasons. A comprehensive investigation on the pre, during, and post-flood responses of the Bulathsinhala DSD area has not been conducted to date. The primary aim of this study is to identify the problems and obstacles pertaining to the management of urban flood hazards, and to propose an appropriate framework to enhance the existing flood hazard roadmap. The research methodology focused on the Bulathsinhala DS Division. Within this methodology, two GN divisions were selected using the judgment sampling technique from the thirteen GN divisions in the Bulathsinhala DSD area, for the sake of convenience in the study. Furthermore, the snowball sampling technique was employed to select 60% of the households affected by the 2019 flood in the aforementioned two GN divisions, for the purpose of primary data collection. The collected data, which was of the Likert scale type and aligned with the conceptual framework, was analyzed using the one sample t-test. This analysis revealed that more than 65% of the selected variables had a negative impact on the issues and challenges of urban flood hazard management. The findings of this research indicate that the evacuation and emergency response mechanisms in relation to the 2019 flood hazard were only effective in the short term. Various issues and challenges still persist in terms of finding long-term solutions. Multiple constraints related to existing regulations, institutional cooperation, resource availability, government involvement, and public attitude are evident, particularly during the preparedness, rehabilitation, and mitigation phases. Consequently, this paper recommends the implementation of far-sighted policies to overcome such issues and challenges.

How is Mathematics Popularized as the Basis of Engineering Education?

Nuri Erdem — 2024-03-31

Mathematics in engineering is very large areas of use. In fact, it is so much that engineering is the profession that uses mathematics the most. Especially survey engineering is an engineering field that uses mathematical knowledge so much since it has already entered the field of Applied Mathematics as a branch of Science. As a science fiction, mathematics, which has been active in all periods of human history, is a "very lovely" by some of today's students and a "never loving" one for some. In this study; a questioner has been conducted on the questionnaire "How is Mathematics endeared?” with approximately 445 students at different grade levels in different schools (Osmaniye İmam Hatip, Anatolian, Science, Social Sciences, etc./Turkey) who teach different types of education in Osmaniye province and 20 mathematics teachers who work in these schools participated. The answers are analyzed and interpreted with Excel graphs, and it is aimed to contribute to ingratiate and liking of the mathematics course in this way. After all; with this study, awareness about mathematics has been formed in teachers and students, negative factors that decrease mathematics success have been determined, everyone has offered suggestions for solution of the problem and it has been reached that mathematics can be ingratiate and liked when appropriate methods and techniques are used.

Evaluation of Artificial Surfaces and Vegetation Index Utilizing Multi-Sensor Data in Response to Population Growth: An Examination of Musanze Secondary City, Rwanda

Gilbert Katabarwa Murenzi — 2024-03-31

The issue of rapid population growth and its impact on land use has become a pressing concern, particularly in secondary cities such as Musanze. To address this issue, a research study was conducted with the aim of carrying out spatial analyses of time series changes in artificial surfaces and NDVI from the years 2000 to 2020. The study employed a multi-sensorial data-based analysis method to evaluate the changes and their effects on sustainability. (1) The mathematical expression results of the study reveal that during the period under consideration, cultivated land increased from 64.6% to 68.9%, signifying a 4.3% rise. Conversely, forested areas decreased from 30.9% to 25.4%, reflecting a notable reduction of -5.5%. Water bodies saw a marginal uptick from 3.4% to 3.5%, a modest increase of 0.1%. Notably, artificial surfaces nearly doubled, soaring from 1.1% to 2.2%, representing an approximate 1.1% expansion in total coverage. (2) Furthermore, the study found that in 2000, sampled points demonstrated elevated vegetation indices, signifying that artificial areas were notably smaller than natural ones. (3) However, fast forward to 2020, after artificial surfaces had completely covered the sampled area, a significant and notable decrease in the vegetation index was observed, effectively halving the initial value recorded in 2000. In conclusion, while urbanization can foster well-coordinated development, it poses a significant threat to natural areas as people migrate to urban centers. Therefore, to ensure a sustainable future for the population, the study recommends enforcing zoning plans and building upward, using taller residential buildings instead of spreading out horizontally.

Comparison of Network-RTK and PPP Technique in terms of Position Accuracy

Barış Karadeniz — 2024-03-31

In Nowadays, in addition to terrestrial measurements, satellite based GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) sensors (Geodetic quality, low cost and chipset GNSS receivers) are widely used in many applications in determining the point location. Together with GNSS technology, it has created the need to calculate the point location with high accuracy, low cost and in real time. Therefore, different positioning techniques and GNSS sensors have been developed to date. In many developed countries in the world, with the help of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS), the point location is detected in real time and with high accuracy by the Network-Real Time Kinematic (N-RTK) technique. In recent years, point location without the need for limitations such as data transmission infrastructure and reference GNSS stations has been determined in many studies with Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique in real time and with high accuracy. Within the scope of this study, N-RTK and PPP techniques, which are widely used in engineering studies, especially in the field of Geomatics Engineering, were compared in terms of positioning accuracy relative to each other. For this purpose, the position accuracy of Network-RTK, Post-Process (PP)-PPP and Real Time (RT)-PPP techniques were examined, and their advantages and disadvantages compared to each other were revealed. Point position accuracy is better in the solution made with N-RTK technique in all three of the North, East and Up components, followed by PP-PPP and RT-PPP. In addition to the combination of satellite observations used, it is seen that the satellite orbit and clock correction information can be obtained more precisely, and the PPP-based results can be approached to the position accuracy obtained by the N-RTK technique.

Time Series Analysis of Turkish National Sea Level Monitoring System (TUDES) Data for Amasra Station Example

Ahsen Çelen — 2024-03-31

The observation and prediction of sea level are crucial for various reasons including the vertical datum determination, crustal movement forecasting, oceanographic modeling, and coastal infrastructure planning. In Turkey, a sea level monitoring system has been established by the General Directorate of Mapping and aims to measure sea level. Through the Turkish National Sea Level Monitoring System (TUDES), sea level is monitored using data collected at 20 tide gauge stations at 15-minute intervals. Time series analysis is considered a highly suitable modeling and forecasting method for data that is periodically measured. In this study, time series analysis models including ARIMA, SARIMA, and Holt-Winter's methods were applied using data from the Amasra tide gauge station within the TUDES for the year 2019. Additionally, a prediction for January 2020 at the same station was performed. The results were compared with the measured tide gauge data to assess the performance of the models. Evaluation criteria included the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) for the Holt-Winter's method and the corrected Akaike Information Criteria (AICc) for the ARIMA and SARIMA models. The SARIMA(3,0,0)(0,2,2) model with an AICc value of -1307.83, indicating a seasonality of 12, was observed to be the best-performing model.

Geopark Potential of Osmaniye Province

Nuri Erdem — 2024-03-31

Osmaniye province is a city with limited economic opportunities, which was heavily damaged by the earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023, and where the rural population is predominant. Natural, cultural and geoarchaeological sites with potential for establishing a geopark in the province Identifying geosites , protecting them and bringing them into geotourism will make significant economic, social and cultural contributions to the region. The landforms, caves, hot springs, castles and especially the current view of the Lalegölü volcano found in Osmaniye also reflect information about the creation of the world and the change it has undergone. These and similar features increase the potential of a UNESCO-tagged geopark area in the province. Projecting this potential and opening it to geotourism is important for the protection of the geoheritage in the region.

Risk Assessment of Attabad lake Outburst Flooding using integrated Hydrological and Geo-spatial Approach

Sidra Noor — 2024-03-31

Attabad Lake is a debris dammed lake in Gojal valley, Pakistan. It is likely to outburst because of the geological and hydro-meteorological settings of the region. This study is an effort to assess the Attabad Lake outburst flooding using integrated hydrological and geo-spatial approach. Both primary and secondary date have been utilized to achieve objectives of the study. The onset of such a hazard is dependent on the intensity and frequency of rainfall, the melting of glaciers, River Hunza discharge, type of soil, extent of mass movement, and the seismic activity as the region lies on an active fault line. The vulnerability of the forty-eight villages downstream can be easily assessed on the basis of various parameters of social, economic, and structural nature which include type and size of house, size of household, male to female ratio, monthly income and expenditure and the estimated damage cost. Considering the parameters of house type, occupation and access to safe place, there are around 21 villages that are highly vulnerable including Askurdas, Budalas, Chaprot, Dadimal, Garelt, Ghamadas, Guoro, Guvachi, Hakuchar, Isfahan, Jehgot, Maiun, Miachar, Minapin, Phakkar, Pissan, Rabbat, Sarat, Shayyar, Sumayyar and Thol. The exposed elements are basically divided into three categories of structural, social and economic exposure. The socially exposed elements are the household size which is an average of five persons per household. The structural elements exposed are the 48 villages and 8 bridges. The economic exposure can be gauged on the basis of monthly income which is less than PKR 30,000 for almost 80% of the population in the downstream region. In case of flooding, only the house damage cost is averaged at PKR 1,50,000 for the houses of more than 76 percent houses. The Gumbel frequency estimated the probability for 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 years. It shows that as the return period increases, the chances of flooding decreases, but there is increase in flow discharge even with the decreasing probability of occurrence of flood. The return period of 5 years has 20 percent chances of inundation. However, this decreases to only 0.5% in two centuries but with the flood discharge of 2170 m3/s. The dam breach concludes that over 35, 46, and 63 km of the surrounding area is at risk with 10,739 m3/s, 44,904 m3/s and 175,145 m3/s of flood discharge for 25, 50 and 100 percent dam breach, respectively.