Flood vulnerability assessment using geographical information system: Case study of Mpazi Sub-catchment, Kigali

Abstract

Floods in the Mpazi sub-catchment pose significant and recurring threats to the community and environment. This study utilized GIS technology to assess flood vulnerability by integrating spatial data on land use, elevation, and rainfall patterns. The results revealed a high susceptibility to flood hazards, particularly during the rainy season. This information is invaluable for stakeholders in formulating effective flood management strategies to mitigate the devastating impact of these recurrent floods on society and essential infrastructure. The study identifies the most vulnerable areas: very high risk 39.74% (353.34 ha), high risk 13.02% (115.73 ha), moderate risk 30.22% (268.62 ha), low risk 5.12% (45.51 ha), very low risk 11.9% (105.77 ha). Infrastructure, such as residential and commercial buildings, is impacted by flooding. This study offers valuable insights for decision-makers and stakeholders, supporting the development of effective flood management plans in the Mpazi sub-catchment.