A review of Mud volcanoes situation in Caspian seaboard and new methods of their identification by remote sensing techniques

Abstract

The main issues presented in this paper, considering the future plans of the oil and gas industries in the region, include the status of the distribution of Mud volcanoes in the Caspian region as well as the presentation of the total framework of new ways of identifying and analyzing them based on remote sensing techniques using experiences in other neighboring countries of the Caspian Sea. These structures are associated with hydrocarbon deposits, subduction tectonic zones, and orogeny belts, and in very rare cases are associated with mud volcanoes. Fortunately, most mud volcanoes are found on the seabed and their effects are far less.