Investigation of the geotechnical properties of lightweight fill ground containing EPS-waste tire
Main Article Content
Abstract
Nowadays, in addition to several classic mechanical improvement methods, lightweight fill materials are used to reduce earthquake and vibration loads acting on the ground, as well as to minimize soil settlements. In recent years, the use of lightweight fill systems in geotechnical engineering has grown more common. In retaining structures, lightweight fill materials are also used to reduce the forces that impact the structure. Likewise, it makes it likable to utilize lightweight fill materials in order to lessen the loads on city center subsurface structures. In this study, the geotechnical properties of the lightweight fill materials which included EPS (Expanded Polystyrene Foam), waste tire, sand and cement materials as lightweight fill material were investigated. The L25 design model relevant to the Taguchi method was applied in the experimental study. The cement/mixture (EPS + waste tire + sand) weight ratios in designs include 8/1, 10/1, 12/1, 14/1, and 16/1. cement/water ratio was kept constant, EPS and waste tire in the mixture were used at rates ranging from 10% to 50% by weight. Unconfined compression, California bearing ratio (CBR), and freeze-thaw cycle tests were performed on the produced specimens, and the 'optimal mixing ratio for lightweight filler was investigated. As a result of the experiments, it was observed that the strength increased as cement ratios in the mixtures increased, whereas the strength reduced when the EPS ratio increased. Taking into consideration the ratios used in the study. Waste tires were found to have no impact on the designs' strength.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Oh, S. W., Lee, J. K., Kwon, Y. C., & Lee, B. J. (2002, May). Bearing capacity of light weight soil using recycled styrofoam beads. In ISOPE International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference (pp. ISOPE-I). ISOPE.
Tsuchida, T., & Kang, M. S. (2003). Use of lightweight treated soil method in seaport and airport construction projects. In Proceedings of the Nakase Memorial Symposium, Soft Ground Engineering in Coastal Areas, Yokosuka (pp. 353-365).
Gan, C. H., & Tan, S. M. (2003, July). Some construction experiences on soft soil using light weight materials. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advances in Soft Soil Engineering and Technology, Putrajaya, Malaysia (pp. 2-4).
Tsuchida, T., & Egashira, K. (2004). The lightweight treated soil method: new geomaterials for soft ground engineering in coastal areas. CRC Press.
Abbasimaedeh, P., Ghanbari, A., O’Kelly, B. C., Tavanafar, M., & Irdmoosa, K. G. (2021). Geomechanical behaviour of uncemented expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads–clayey soil mixtures as lightweight fill. Geotechnics, 1(1), 38-58.
Tuncel, E. Y. (2012). Cam Köpüğü-Çimento-Kum Karışımının Hafif Dolgu Malzemesi Olarak Geoteknik Özellikleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
Scheirs, J. (1998). Polymer recycling: science, technology and applications. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Journals, Baffins Lane, Chichester, Sussex PO 19 1 UD, UK, 1998. 591.
Philip, N., & Manfred, W. (2009). New perspectives in thermal insulation and product design. Sulzer Tech Rev, 1, 4249.
Myint, S., Zakaria, M. S. B., & Ahmed, K. (2010). Paints based on waste expanded polystyrene. Progress in Rubber Plastics and Recycling Technology, 26(1), 21-30.
Sekharan, R. V., Abraham, B. T., & Thachil, E. T. (2012). Utilization of waste expanded polystyrene: Blends with silica-filled natural rubber. Materials & Design, 40, 221-228.
Tsuchida, T., Porbaha, A., & Yamane, N. (2001). Development of a geomaterial from dredged bay mud. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 13(2), 152-160.
Satoh, T., Tsuchida, T., Mitsukuri, K., & Hong, Z. (2001). Field placing test of lightweight treated soil under seawater in Kumamoto port. Soils and Foundations, 41(5), 145-154.
Yoonz, G. L., Jeon, S. S., & Kim, B. T. (2004). Mechanical characteristics of light-weighted soils using dredged materials. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, 22(4), 215-229.
Miao, L., Wang, F., Han, J., Lv, W., & Li, J. (2013). Properties and applications of cement-treated sand-expanded polystyrene bead lightweight fill. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 25(1), 86-93.
Haşal, E. (2000). Uçucu Kül-Çimento-Köpük Karışımının Hafif Dolgu Malzemesi Olarak Geoteknik Özellikleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İstanbul
Ahmedov, R. (2012). Çimento-EPS-Kum Karışımının Hafif Dolgu Malzemesi Olarak Geoteknik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsi. İstanbul.
Najmaddin, D. Y. (2012). Compaction and CBR Properties of Sand Mixed with Modified Waste EPS. Master’s Thesis, University of Gaziantep, Graduate School of Natural & Applied Sciences. Gaziantep.
Atabek, B. A. (2008). Determination of Properties of Composite Soil with Used Tire Granulates, Sand and Cement. Master’s Thesis, İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology. İstanbul.
Pierce, C. E., & Blackwell, M. C. (2003). Potential of scrap tire rubber as lightweight aggregate in flowable fill. Waste management, 23(3), 197-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(02)00160-5
Liu, H. L., Deng, A., & Chu, J. (2006). Effect of different mixing ratios of polystyrene pre-puff beads and cement on the mechanical behaviour of lightweight fill. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 24(6), 331-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2006.05.002
Edinçliler, A., & Özer, A. T. (2014). Effects of EPS bead inclusions on stress–strain behaviour of sand. Geosynthetics International, 21(2), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.14.00001
TS 1900-1. (2006). İnşaat Mühendisliğinde Zemin Laboratuvar Deneyleri-Bölüm 1: Fiziksel Özelliklerin Tayini. TSE, Ankara.
ASTM D6913-04, (2009). Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis, ASTM, Pennsylvania, 1-38.
ASTM D854, (2010). Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer, ASTM, Pennsylvania, 1-15.
TS 1500, (2000). Mühendisliğinde Zeminlerin Sınıflandırılması. Ankara.
TS EN 196, (2009). Çimento Deney Metotları-Bölüm1: Dayanım Tayini, TSE
TS EN 197-1, (2002). Çimento-Bölüm 1: Genel Çimentolar-bileşim, özellikler ve uygunluk kriteri, TSE
ASTM D2166. (2016). Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil. 1-8. ASTM, Pennsylvania.
TS 1900-2. (2006). İnşaat Mühendisliğinde Zemin Laboratuvar Deneyleri - Bölüm 2: Mekanik Özelliklerin Tayini. Ankara.
American Concrete Institute, (2000). Cement and Concrete Terminology. ACI 116R-00 Committee Report.
Bowles, J. (1988). Engineering Properties of Soils and Their Measurement. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Company.