BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in breast cancer

Abstract

Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled and abnormally growing cells that develop as a result of the uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the body. With the increasing incidence of cancer day by day, cancer diagnosis and treatment methods are gaining more and more importance.  Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are predominantly detected in the breast cancer patients. An inherited mutation in the BRCA gene becomes carried by all cells in the body. The process of carcinogenesis can begin with a "second hit" somatic mutation in the intact allele. For this reason, the identification of variants in BRCA gene mutations is important in the prevention and estimation of cancer risk and in the early diagnosis of cancer. It is recommended that people with a family history of breast cancer undergo screening for genetic risk factors.  With technological developments, additional programs are being used to the models used for cancer risk detection today. In this way, it is aimed to provide effective treatment, detect cancer at an early stage, reduce cancer risks as much as possible, and ensure a long and high-quality life. In this proceeding study, we are reviewing the BRCA gene mutations and their association with breast cancer.