Precise point positioning technique with single frequency raw GNSS observations using different products on android smartphones
Keywords:
Low-cost GNSS, PPP, SmartphoneAbstract
In recent years, the proliferation of low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-enabled smartphones, updates in GNSS systems, and advancements in positioning algorithms have led to increased research into the contributions of smartphones to positioning studies. The aim of this study was to test the positioning performance of single-frequency GPS/GLONASS observations using the Precision Point Positioning (PPP) technique with different products (Final, Rapid, and Real-Time) offered by Wuhan University. To provide a reference for comparison, post-process PPP solutions were obtained using geodetic-grade GNSS receivers and Final products, which have demonstrated centimeter-level accuracy in previous studies. The analysis of the GPS/GLONASS observations using the three different products revealed consistent the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values in the centimeter-level when all the observations in the epoch-differenced time series were examined. Moreover, after the convergence of the time series generated from the smartphone data, an improvement ranging from 76% to 98% was observed for the horizontal and vertical components at a level of 0.5 cm and 1 cm, respectively. These results suggest that GNSS-enabled smartphones using PPP techniques with appropriate products can achieve accurate positioning performance.
References
Aggrey, J., Bisnath, S., Naciri, N., Shinghal, G. & Yang, S. (2019). Multi-GNSS precise point positioning with next-generation smartphone measurements. Journal of Spatial Science, 65, 79–98.
Banville, S., & Diggelen, F. (2016). Precise GNSS for everyone: precise positioning using raw GPS measurements from Android smartphones. GPS World, 27(1), 43–48.
Chen, B., Gao, C., Liu, Y., & Sun, P. (2019). Real-Time Precise Point Positioning with a Xiaomi MI 8 Android Smartphone. Sensors, 19, 2835.
Liu, Q., Gao, C., Peng, Z., Zhang, R., & Shang, R. (2021). Smartphone positioning and accuracy analysis based on real-time regional ionospheric correction model. Sensors, 21(11), 3879.
Odolinski, R., & Teunissen, P. (2019). An assessment of smartphone and low-cost multi-GNSS singlefrequency RTK positioning for low, medium and high ionospheric disturbance periods. Journal of Geodesy, 93(5), 701-722.
Robustelli, U., Baiocchi, V., & Pugliano, G. (2019). Assessment of dual frequency GNSS observations from a Xiaomi Mi 8 Android smartphone and positioning performance analysis. Electronics, 8(1), 91.
Wu, Q., Sun, M., Zhou, C., & Zhang, P. (2019). Precise point positioning using dual-frequency GNSS observations on smartphone. Sensors, 19(9), 2189.
Pehlivan, H., Karadeniz, B., & Ari, B. (2022). Near-Real-Time Precise Point Positioning Technique with Single-Frequency Raw GNSS Observations on Android Smartphones. 5th Intercontinental Geoinformation Days (IGD'2022), 14-15 December, New Delhi, India.
