Analysis of the sea surface temperature (SST) of the Caspian Sea from NOAA satellites
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Abstract
The sea surface temperature (SST) of the Caspian Sea as a whole is determined by air temperature, depth, that is, heat reserve, wind characteristics (mixing) and advection. In different regions of this continental sea, in addition to the connection with air temperature common to all regions, their own factors dominate. For the Northern Caspian, this is primarily the influence of river runoff - warm continental runoff in spring and cool in autumn. In the Middle Caspian, deep water rises near the eastern and western shores, reaching a temperature contrast near the eastern shore. In the Southern Caspian, this is winter wind mixing and advection of waters from the Middle Caspian. During the daytime, during the spring and summer months, the warming of the sea manifests itself everywhere in the form of areas of warm water with temperature contrasts in calm zones. In shallow water in the spring and autumn months, zones of heating and cooling are clearly visible, respectively, and the rate of heating and cooling is the higher, the shallower the depth of the sea, that is, the lower its heat reserve. The paper analyzes the available modern methods and means for determining the surface water temperature of the Caspian Sea. For their detection, data obtained by NOAA satellites and the AVHRR Pathfinder instrument (high-resolution radiometer) installed on them are used. In addition, the main regularities in the atmosphere-sea system are revealed according to the average annual values of their changes over a long period.
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