A geo-spatial analysis of precipitation distribution and its impacts on vegetation in Rwanda
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Abstract
Rwanda is home to a diverse and picturesque landscape that encompasses a range of ecosystems, including rainforests, savannas, and agricultural regions. The intricate relationship between rainfall patterns and vegetation types shapes these varied landscapes, which are crucial for supporting biodiversity and agricultural productivity across the country. Our comprehensive geospatial analysis employs advanced geographical information systems (GIS) techniques and remote sensing data to assess spatial and temporal variations in precipitation across distinct regions of the country. Utilizing historical precipitation data and satellite-derived vegetation indices, our analysis spans extensive periods, incorporating annual and monthly rainfall records from 1990 to 2020 and MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices spanning 2000 to 2020. Advanced remote sensing methodologies are employed to investigate the correlations between precipitation patterns and vegetation dynamics. The study reveals discernible spatial variations in Rwanda's precipitation distribution, elucidating marked seasonal fluctuations. Identified regions experiencing notable changes in precipitation levels exhibit a direct impact on vegetation health and density. Recorded annual rainfall data illustrates variations across different years, indicating fluctuating levels such as 1160.1 mm (1990), 1078.2 mm (2000), 1402.4 mm (2010), and 1391.1 mm (2020). Corroborating NDVI imagery demonstrates increased vegetation cover in 2010 and 2020, aligning with higher recorded rainfall during these years. The research underscores the significance of these findings in understanding the intricate interplay between precipitation distribution and vegetation dynamics and offers actionable insights essential for sustainable land management, optimized resource allocation, and the formulation of resilience-building strategies. These insights are particularly crucial in the context of adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate change.
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